Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Data in Cross River State Using Visualisation Tools

Tracking and visualising COVID-19 vaccination progress at state level supports programme management and equity monitoring in Nigeria's public health system. This study analysed COVID-19 vaccination records from Cross River State, South South Nigeria, covering January 2021 to December 2022, obtained from the Cross River State Primary Healthcare Development Agency with ethical approval. Records covered 1.4 million doses administered, including vaccine brand, administration date, facility, ward, and second dose completion status. Python Pandas, Matplotlib, and Folium were used for analysis and mapping. Vaccination coverage reached 31.4 percent of the state target population by December 2022. Urban LGAs including Calabar Municipality achieved over 50 percent coverage, while rural LGAs in Ogoja and Obudu zones reached below 15 percent. Second dose completion rates averaged 61.3 percent, with significant dropouts among first-dose recipients in remote areas. Coverage disparities between age groups revealed that individuals above 60 years were significantly underrepresented in the vaccination records. AstraZeneca accounted for 73.6 percent of all administered doses. Geographic visualisation identified 11 LGAs requiring catch-up campaigns. The study demonstrates that administrative vaccination data, when properly analysed, yield actionable insights for programme equity improvement. Recommendations include deploying mobile vaccination teams to rural Ogoja and Obudu, implementing SMS second-dose reminder systems, and integrating vaccination records into the state health management information system for real-time programme monitoring.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination, Cross River State, data visualisation, coverage analysis, public health analytics