Assessment of Bruxism Prevalence and Associated Factors Among University Students in Adamawa State

Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching) is a parafunctional oral habit associated with stress and sleep disorders, and its prevalence in Nigerian university populations provides insight into student oral health and wellbeing. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported bruxism among undergraduate students at Adamawa State University Mubi and Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, North East Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 320 students was conducted using the Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire alongside the Perceived Stress Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results showed self-reported bruxism prevalence of 28.4 percent, with morning jaw pain or fatigue in 19.7 percent. Students in examination preparation periods showed significantly higher bruxism reports. The mean Perceived Stress Scale score was significantly higher in bruxism reporters (mean 22.4) than non-reporters (mean 16.8, p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with bruxism (p < 0.01). Female students showed slightly higher prevalence but the difference was not significant. Caffeine intake above three cups daily was significantly associated with bruxism severity. Only 31.3 percent of bruxism reporters had mentioned it to a healthcare provider. Recommendations include stress management programmes integrated into university student support services, oral health awareness about bruxism consequences, and provision of customised occlusal splints at reduced cost at student health centres in Adamawa State. Keywords: bruxism, stress, university students, sleep quality, Adamawa State