Study of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation Prevalence Among Children in Anambra State

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation is an increasingly recognised enamel defect causing functional and aesthetic concerns in children, and its prevalence assessment in South East Nigeria fills an important epidemiological gap. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, and associated characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among children aged 8 to 12 years in primary schools in Onitsha and Awka, Anambra State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted among 400 children. Dental examination by two calibrated examiners used the EAPD criteria for MIH scoring, recording affected molars and incisors, severity (demarcated opacities, post-eruptive breakdown, atypical restorations), and affected surfaces. Maternal medical history during pregnancy and child systemic illness history were recorded through structured parent questionnaires. Results showed an MIH prevalence of 14.3 percent. The majority of affected cases (63.6 percent) had mild severity. Post-eruptive breakdown was identified in 22.8 percent of affected children. Fever-related illnesses in early childhood (below age 3) showed a significant association with MIH. History of premature birth was significantly more prevalent in MIH-positive children. Hypersensitivity was reported by 58.8 percent of MIH-positive children. The study identifies MIH as a significant dental health concern in the study population. Recommendations include early clinical screening, modified preventive protocols for affected children, and training dentists in MIH-targeted restorative approaches.

Keywords: molar-incisor hypomineralisation, MIH, enamel defect, children, Anambra State