Study of Amalgam Versus Composite Resin Preference Among Dentists in Anambra State

The global phase-down of dental amalgam under the Minamata Convention has increased reliance on composite resins, and understanding dentist material preferences and transitional challenges in South East Nigeria informs post-amalgam policy. This study examined the preference patterns for amalgam versus composite resin restorations among practising dentists in Awka, Onitsha, and Nnewi, Anambra State. A cross-sectional survey of 75 practising dentists was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed material preference by clinical situation (posterior versus anterior, wet-field versus dry-field, paediatric versus adult), factors influencing choice (durability, cost, aesthetics, patient demand), awareness of Minamata Convention implications, and continuing education needs for composite resin placement. Results showed that composite resin was preferred for anterior teeth by 93.3 percent, while 54.7 percent still preferred amalgam for posterior Class II restorations in adult patients. Cost of composite resin (72.0 percent) and moisture control difficulty (64.0 percent) were the primary reasons for continued posterior amalgam use. Awareness of Minamata Convention obligations was adequate in 58.7 percent. Training in advanced composite techniques was desired by 77.3 percent. Recommendations include state-level continuing professional development on bulk-fill composite and moisture control, subsidising composite resin supplies through government dental stores, and updating the Nigeria Dental Formulary to align with Minamata Convention timelines.

Keywords: dental amalgam, composite resin, material preference, Minamata Convention, Anambra State