Assessment of the Role of Drama in HIV and AIDS Awareness Campaigns in Cross River State

Drama has been widely deployed as a behaviour change communication tool in public health campaigns, and its effectiveness in HIV and AIDS awareness programming in South South Nigeria is important for evaluating its place within health communication strategies. This study assessed the effectiveness of drama-based HIV and AIDS awareness campaigns in Calabar Municipality and Abi Local Government Areas, Cross River State. A quasi-experimental design compared HIV knowledge scores between 150 community members exposed to drama-based awareness campaigns and 150 unexposed residents. Pre- and post-knowledge tests adapted from the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire were administered. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in HIV knowledge scores in the drama-exposed group (mean pre-score 14.2, post-score 22.7, p < 0.001) compared to a marginal increase in the control group (mean pre-score 13.8, post-score 15.1). Drama-exposed participants showed significantly greater recall of specific transmission prevention messages. Younger respondents (18 to 25 years) showed the largest knowledge gains from drama exposure. Drama practitioners interviewed confirmed that they incorporated community testimonials and local dialect to enhance relatability. Challenges included inadequate remuneration for performers and one-off rather than sustained programming. The study concludes that drama significantly improves HIV awareness when deployed consistently and with community cultural adaptation. Recommendations include integrating drama-based campaigns into LACA programming cycles, establishing sustained partnerships with drama groups, and training health promotion officers in basic performance methodology in Cross River State. Keywords: drama, HIV AIDS awareness, health communication, Cross River State, behaviour change