Assessment of Noise Pollution Levels in Commercial Areas of Kano Metropolis

This study assesses ambient noise pollution levels in the commercial zones of Kano Metropolis, North West Nigeria, examining the sources, spatial distribution, and compliance status of noise levels with national and international guidelines. Kano is Nigeria's largest commercial centre in the north and is characterised by dense traffic, informal generator use, market activities, and construction operations that collectively create a complex urban noise environment. Noise measurements were conducted at twenty-five sites across the Sabon Gari, Fagge, and Kano Municipal commercial districts using a calibrated sound level meter, recording equivalent continuous sound levels at hourly intervals over a twelve-hour daytime period on both weekdays and weekends. Sources of dominant noise contribution were identified through visual audit and timed correlation with measurement peaks. Results show that equivalent continuous noise levels at 80 percent of monitored sites exceed the Federal Ministry of Environment standard of 70 decibels for commercial zones, with peak values reaching 97 decibels near generator clusters at market perimeters and 92 decibels at major road intersections. Generator noise accounts for the highest individual contribution in the afternoon hours when grid supply is typically absent. Weekend noise levels are 4 to 6 decibels lower than weekday peaks, consistent with reduced commercial vehicular activity. The study identifies a significant occupational noise exposure risk for market traders and transport workers in the study area. Recommendations include regulatory enforcement of noise emission limits for generators, acoustic barriers at market perimeters, and a public health awareness campaign targeting long-duration occupational noise exposure. Keywords: noise pollution, commercial zones, equivalent continuous noise level, Kano, occupational exposure.