Floral Diversity and Conservation Status of Plants in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State

Protected areas in the Sudan savanna biome of northern Nigeria serve as critical refugia for plant species facing escalating pressures from agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and climate variability. Falgore Game Reserve in Kano State represents one of the few remaining intact savanna landscapes in the northwest zone, yet its floral diversity has received limited scientific documentation. This study documents the species composition, diversity indices, and conservation status of plants in three vegetation zones within the reserve: guinea savanna fringe, Sudan savanna interior, and riparian corridor. Systematic phytosociological sampling was conducted in seventy-two plots measuring 25 by 25 metres. All plant species, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses, were recorded, measured, and identified to species level. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of 312 plant species from 88 families were documented. Poaceae and Fabaceae were the most species-rich families. The riparian corridor showed the highest alpha diversity, while savanna interior plots had the most unique species assemblages. Twelve species were identified as locally threatened based on collection frequency and known range restrictions. Overgrazing indicators were evident in transition zones between the reserve and surrounding communities. The study provides the first comprehensive floristic inventory for Falgore Game Reserve and recommends enhanced regulation of dry season livestock entry. Keywords: floristic survey, plant diversity, Falgore Game Reserve, savanna, conservation status