Conservation Status and Ecological Role of Freshwater Turtles in the Benue River Floodplain

Freshwater turtles are among the most threatened vertebrate groups globally, serving important ecological roles as scavengers and seed dispersers in riverine systems, yet they receive minimal conservation attention in Nigerian inland water bodies. The Benue River floodplain in north-central Nigeria provides critical wetland habitat for several freshwater turtle species whose population status and ecological roles remain undocumented. This study surveys the species diversity, relative abundance, and ecological role of freshwater turtles in the Benue River floodplain in Benue and Kogi States. Fyke nets, hoop traps, and nocturnal spotlight surveys were used across twelve survey sites spanning 80 kilometres of floodplain. Captured animals were identified, measured, photographed, and released. Stomach content analysis of deceased specimens obtained from local fishermen provided dietary data. Market surveys documented trading of turtle products. Four species were confirmed, with Pelusios castaneus being the most abundant. Declining catch rates compared to fisher recall data from a decade prior suggest population contraction. Dietary data confirmed omnivorous habits, with plant material and invertebrates equally represented. All four species were found in local wildlife markets, indicating harvest pressure. Community interviews revealed that turtles were harvested primarily for food and perceived medicinal value. The study argues for inclusion of freshwater turtles in state-level wildlife protection schedules and recommends a community-based harvest monitoring programme. Keywords: freshwater turtles, Benue River, conservation, reptile diversity, floodplain ecology