Evaluation of Erosion Hazard and Its Socio-Economic Effects on Farming Communities in Enugu State

Gully erosion represents one of the most severe land degradation problems in South East Nigeria, with Enugu State among the worst-affected areas. This study evaluates erosion hazard levels and documents associated socio-economic impacts on farming communities in three Local Government Areas of Enugu State. Using a combination of field measurement, GPS mapping, and photogrammetric survey, the study characterises the dimensions and growth rates of active gullies in the study area. A structured questionnaire was administered to 160 affected farming households to capture loss of farmland, displacement experiences, and livelihood disruptions. Secondary data on erosion incidents were obtained from the Enugu State Ministry of Environment. Findings indicate that active gullies in the study area have collectively claimed over 420 hectares of previously productive farmland since 2018, with annual gully head retreat rates averaging 8.4 metres in sandy-loam soils. Affected households report significant income losses, food insecurity, and in some cases, physical displacement of homesteads. The study finds that current government erosion intervention projects, while present, suffer from funding discontinuities and inadequate community consultation. The research recommends integrated soil conservation measures combining bioengineering, check dams, and community-led vegetation restoration. Keywords: gully erosion, land degradation, Enugu State, farming communities, soil conservation.