Diplomatic Immunity and the Management of Foreign Diplomats in Nigeria: Legal Frameworks and Controversies

This study examines the legal framework and practical management of diplomatic immunity for foreign diplomats accredited to Nigeria, investigating cases of immunity abuse and the mechanisms available to Nigeria as a receiving state under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Diplomatic immunity is a cornerstone of the international diplomatic system, yet its misuse, including traffic violations, non-payment of taxes, and more serious criminal conduct, creates tensions between host state sovereignty and diplomatic privilege. Drawing on international law and diplomatic relations theory, this research analyses documented controversies involving diplomatic immunity in Nigeria from 2016 to 2024, examining how the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Justice have responded to incidents and the diplomatic consequences of various responses. The study employs a qualitative methodology, drawing on Ministry of Foreign Affairs incident logs where available, court records, news media reporting, and semi-structured interviews with protocol officers and legal advisors. Attention is paid to high-profile cases in Abuja and Lagos and to Nigeria's advocacy positions in international discussions about modernising diplomatic privilege rules. Findings are expected to show that Nigeria faces recurring immunity management challenges and lacks a systematic escalation protocol for responding to diplomatic abuse incidents while managing bilateral relationship sensitivities. Recommendations address legal reform and diplomatic management procedures. Keywords: diplomatic immunity, Vienna Convention, Nigeria, host state, foreign diplomats.