Profile of Urological Emergencies and Management Outcomes at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Osun State

Urological emergencies including acute urinary retention, urosepsis, renal colic, and bladder trauma represent a substantial portion of surgical emergency admissions in Nigerian teaching hospitals. This study profiles the types, severity, and management outcomes of urological emergencies presenting at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, in the South West zone. A retrospective cross-sectional design is applied to emergency urology case records over a four-year period from 2019 to 2022. Variables extracted include diagnosis, duration of symptoms before presentation, vital signs at presentation, imaging findings, initial management, operative intervention where applicable, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital complications. SPSS is used for analysis. Evidence from South West Nigerian urological literature identifies benign prostatic hyperplasia-related acute urinary retention and ureteric calculi as the most frequent urological emergency presentations, with a rising incidence of urosepsis secondary to obstructive uropathy. The European Association of Urology Emergency Urology Guidelines provide the clinical management reference. Findings will inform the unit's emergency protocol review and support the hospital in prioritising urology emergency capacity within the broader surgical services planning process. Keywords: urological emergencies, acute urinary retention, urosepsis, Osun State, South West Nigeria.