Assessment of Internet Connectivity Quality and Its Effect on E-Learning Outcomes Among Undergraduate Students at the University of Lagos, South West Nigeria

Internet connectivity remains a fundamental infrastructure challenge for e-learning adoption in Nigerian higher education, and its direct effect on student academic outcomes at the University of Lagos warrants systematic investigation. This study assesses internet connectivity quality and evaluates its relationship with e-learning outcomes among undergraduate students at the University of Lagos, South West Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 students selected through stratified random sampling across six faculties. A structured questionnaire measured connectivity indicators including average download speed, connection stability, and frequency of disconnections, alongside e-learning outcome variables including course completion rates, online quiz scores, and student satisfaction ratings on digital learning platforms. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were computed using SPSS. Available ICT literature from South West Nigerian universities identifies unreliable internet access as the most consistently cited barrier to effective e-learning engagement. The Technology Acceptance Model provides the conceptual framework for analysing how connectivity quality shapes student attitudes toward e-learning tools. Findings indicate that students with average download speeds above 5 Mbps reported 34 percent higher e-learning satisfaction scores compared to peers with speeds below 1 Mbps. The study recommends investment in campus-wide Wi-Fi infrastructure upgrades, negotiation of institutional broadband service contracts, and the development of offline-compatible e-learning modules as complementary strategies. Keywords: internet connectivity, e-learning, undergraduate students, University of Lagos, South West Nigeria.