📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
Land registry fraud and title documentation disputes are pervasive governance challenges in Nigeria, and blockchain technology offers a tamper-resistant, transparent framework for addressing these institutional weaknesses. This study professionally analyses the prospects, challenges, and implementation pathways for blockchain-based land registry systems in Nigeria, drawing on pilot initiatives from Lagos State and Rivers State. A mixed-methods professional analysis was conducted through document review of Lagos State Land Bureau digitalisation reports, Rivers State Geographic Information Agency blockchain pilot documentation, and World Bank land governance assessment data for Nigeria combined with structured interviews of 25 land registry officials, ICT policy experts, and blockchain technology consultants. Analysis dimensions include technical feasibility, legal framework compatibility with the Land Use Act 1978, institutional change management requirements, interoperability with existing AGIS and GIS platforms, and data migration challenges from legacy paper-based systems. Descriptive and qualitative analysis were applied. Available blockchain land registry literature from Nigerian contexts identifies the unresolved legal status of blockchain-registered land titles under existing property law as the primary institutional barrier, alongside incomplete historic registry digitisation as a prerequisite data challenge. The Blockchain Adoption Framework by Seebacher and Technology-Organisation-Environment model provide the professional reference. Findings indicate strong technical feasibility but significant legal and institutional readiness gaps. Recommendations address Land Use Act amendments to recognise digital title records, phased digitisation of legacy paper records, and multi-state interoperable registry platform development. Keywords: blockchain, land registry, Nigeria, digital governance, property rights.
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