Effect of a Structured Nursing Intervention on Glycaemic Control and Self-Efficacy Among Type 1 Diabetes Adolescents in Rivers State

Background: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes face unique self-management challenges related to developmental transitions, peer pressures, and limited self-efficacy. Structured nursing interventions that address these factors remain inadequately evaluated in Nigerian adolescent populations. Aim: This study assessed the effect of a structured nursing intervention on glycaemic control and self-efficacy among adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Rivers State, South South Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test assessments enrolled 80 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention comprised weekly nurse-facilitated group sessions over 10 weeks addressing self-monitoring, insulin management, diet, and peer support. Glycated haemoglobin and the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale were the primary outcomes. Results: The intervention group showed a mean HbA1c reduction of 1.3% compared with 0.2% in controls (p < 0.01). Self-efficacy scores improved significantly. Peer support was identified as the most valued intervention component. Conclusion: Structured nurse-facilitated group interventions improve glycaemic control and self-efficacy in type 1 diabetes adolescents. Integration of peer support components in adolescent diabetes nursing programmes is recommended across Nigerian teaching hospitals. Keywords: type 1 diabetes, adolescents, glycaemic control, self-efficacy, nursing intervention.