Analysis of Disease Incidence Patterns and Farmer Response Strategies in Commercial Fish Farms in Imo State

Disease outbreaks are the most commonly cited cause of production failure in Nigerian commercial fish farms, yet systematic documentation of disease incidence patterns and farmer response strategies at the state level remains sparse. This study analyses the incidence patterns of major diseases, treatment approaches, and economic impacts reported by 80 commercial catfish and tilapia farmers in Owerri, Imo State, South East Nigeria. Data were collected through structured interviews, farm record reviews, and collection of tissue samples from 15 farms reporting active disease outbreaks for laboratory confirmation of causative agents. Disease categories assessed included bacterial infections, parasitic infestations, fungal infections, and nutritional disorders. Results showed that motile Aeromonas septicaemia was the most frequently reported bacterial disease, affecting 54% of farms in the preceding 12 months. Ectoparasitic infestations, predominantly Trichodina and Gyrodactylus species, were reported in 41% of farms. Total economic losses from disease-related mortality over the preceding 12 months were estimated at an average of 18% of annual production value per affected farm. Only 28% of farmers consulted a trained aquatic veterinarian or fisheries officer when disease was suspected, with the majority relying on advice from feed dealers. Antibiotic use without prescription was reported by 61% of farmers. The study recommends the establishment of aquatic animal health diagnostic services in Imo State and the formulation of a state-level aquatic veterinary prescription policy.

Keywords: fish disease, disease incidence, catfish farming, Imo State, aquatic health