Applying GIS Technology to Archaeological Site Management in the Niger Delta, Bayelsa State

Geographic information systems offer powerful tools for archaeological site management, enabling spatial analysis of site distribution, threat monitoring, condition change tracking, and integration of environmental data into heritage decision-making. Despite the availability of GIS platforms and the critical need for improved management of the Niger Delta's extensive and threatened archaeological resource base, systematic GIS application in Bayelsa State heritage management remains limited. This study develops, populates, and evaluates a GIS-based site management system for the NCMM's Bayelsa office, drawing on existing site records, satellite imagery, and newly collected field data. The database integrates one hundred and twelve registered and unregistered site records with environmental layers including flood inundation zones, oil infrastructure footprints, and road and canal networks. Spatial analysis identifies that sixty-three percent of documented sites fall within active oil and gas development zones, with twenty-one sites showing field evidence of pipeline-related disturbance. The system's threat-monitoring module uses change detection analysis of time-series Sentinel satellite imagery to flag sites with altered surface conditions for field verification. A pilot verification exercise confirmed active disturbance at nine previously unmonitored sites. The study evaluates the system's usability with NCMM staff through training workshops and structured feedback sessions, finding that adoption is feasible with a modest investment in staff training and hardware. Policy recommendations target both the NCMM and oil company environmental compliance departments. Keywords: GIS, site management, Niger Delta, Bayelsa State, heritage monitoring.