Assessment of Lightning Protection Systems at Critical Infrastructure Facilities in Kano State

Background: Lightning strikes cause significant damage to critical infrastructure including power substations, water treatment plants, and hospitals in Kano State, North West Nigeria. Assessment of existing lightning protection system adequacy is a precursor to effective risk mitigation. Aim: This study assessed the adequacy of lightning protection systems at critical infrastructure facilities in Kano State. Methods: Physical inspection and electrical testing of lightning protection systems were conducted at 18 facilities across utilities, health, and industrial sectors using the IEC 62305 standard as the assessment framework. Earth resistance, conductor continuity, and air termination network coverage were evaluated. Lightning risk was quantified using the IEC 62305-2 risk assessment methodology. Results: Only 6 of 18 facilities had lightning protection systems meeting IEC 62305 requirements. Earth resistance exceeded the 10-ohm limit at 11 facilities. Air termination coverage was inadequate at 8 sites, leaving significant roof areas unprotected. Calculated risk levels exceeded tolerable limits at 7 facilities. Conclusion: Lightning protection at Kano State critical infrastructure is critically deficient. Emergency upgrading programmes, mandatory IEC 62305 compliance audits, and government funding for lightning protection retrofitting are recommended. Keywords: lightning protection, IEC 62305, critical infrastructure, Kano State, earthing.