Assessment of Semen Quality Parameters Among Male Partners of Infertile Couples Attending a Reproductive Health Clinic in Kaduna State, North West Nigeria

Background: Male factor infertility contributes to approximately half of all infertility cases globally, yet awareness and investigation of male reproductive health remain limited in many Nigerian communities. Detailed characterisation of semen quality parameters among male partners presenting to reproductive health facilities in North West Nigeria is needed to guide clinical practice. Objectives: This descriptive study aims to evaluate semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, and morphology among male partners of infertile couples attending a reproductive health clinic in Kaduna State. Methods: One hundred male partners will be recruited consecutively. Semen analysis will be performed following World Health Organization 2021 reference criteria using standardised laboratory protocols. A questionnaire will document age, body mass index, smoking and alcohol history, occupational heat exposure, and duration of infertility. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation will characterise parameters and their associations. Expected Outcomes: A substantial proportion of participants are anticipated to exhibit abnormalities in at least one semen parameter, with smoking, occupational heat exposure, and elevated body mass index identified as significant predictors. Conclusion: Findings will highlight the need for systematic male reproductive health assessment in Nigerian fertility clinics. Keywords: semen quality, male infertility, sperm motility, morphology, Kaduna.