Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers in Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life is a globally recommended practice with substantial benefits for infant survival and maternal health, yet compliance rates among working mothers in urban Nigeria remain consistently low. This study investigates the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among employed mothers in Ibadan, Oyo State. A cross-sectional survey is conducted among 310 working mothers with infants aged 0 to 6 months, recruited from corporate establishments, government offices, and markets through purposive and stratified sampling. Semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with a purposive sub-sample of 20 participants capture data on workplace breastfeeding policies, maternity leave duration, access to lactation facilities, spousal support, and knowledge of breastfeeding benefits. Quantitative data are analysed with SPSS, and qualitative data undergo thematic analysis. The 2021 Nigeria National Nutrition and Health Survey reports exclusive breastfeeding rates of approximately 29 percent nationally, with working environments identified as a significant structural barrier. The study is guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, focusing on self-efficacy and environmental enablers. Findings will support advocacy for baby-friendly workplace policies, extended maternity leave, and workplace lactation room provisions in Oyo State. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, barriers, working mothers, Ibadan, Oyo State.