Challenges of Bills of Quantities Preparation in Small Construction Firms in Owerri, Imo State

Bills of quantities (BQ) preparation is a core professional function of quantity surveyors and a critical tool in construction procurement. However, small construction firms in many Nigerian cities face significant challenges in accessing and utilising professionally prepared BQs. This study investigates the challenges of BQ preparation encountered by small construction firms in Owerri, Imo State. A descriptive survey was conducted with 85 respondents comprising proprietors of small firms, practicing quantity surveyors, and procurement officers. Structured questionnaires were administered and data analysed using frequency distributions and the Relative Importance Index. Findings reveal that inadequate skilled personnel, poor access to standard measurement rules, high cost of engaging quantity surveying consultants, and lack of digital measurement tools are the primary challenges faced by small firms. The study also finds that BQs prepared by unqualified personnel in small firms contain significant measurement errors that later manifest as cost overruns and disputes. Recommendations include the provision of subsidised access to standard method of measurement documents by NIQS, the creation of a mentorship programme linking small firms to registered quantity surveyors, and the introduction of affordable cloud-based takeoff software for small practice environments. Regulatory authorities are advised to enforce BQ requirements as a condition for project registration in Imo State. This study adds to the limited literature on small firm quantity surveying practice in South East Nigeria. Keywords: bills of quantities, small construction firms, Owerri, measurement challenges, quantity surveying