Characterisation and Management of E-Waste Electronic Components from Discarded Devices in Lagos Markets

Background: The rapid obsolescence of consumer electronics generates significant quantities of electronic waste in Lagos, South West Nigeria, where informal dismantling exposes workers and communities to hazardous heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Aim: This study characterised the composition of e-waste electronic components from discarded devices in Lagos markets and evaluated management practices at informal recycling sites. Methods: A random sample of 200 discarded devices from three Lagos e-waste markets was categorised by device type and component composition. Heavy metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, mercury) were measured in representative samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Key informant interviews with 15 informal recyclers assessed current practices and knowledge of hazards. Results: Mobile phones and televisions were the dominant device categories at 38% and 27% respectively. Mean lead concentration in circuit boards was 18,400 mg/kg, far exceeding EU RoHS limits. Ninety-three percent of recyclers had no protective equipment. Acid bath metal recovery was the most common extraction method. Conclusion: E-waste management in Lagos poses critical occupational and environmental health risks. The study recommends formalised e-waste collection systems, protective equipment provision for recyclers, and Nigerian regulatory adoption of extended producer responsibility legislation. Keywords: e-waste, electronic waste, heavy metals, Lagos, recycling.