Community Knowledge of Trypanosomiasis Transmission and Control in Rural Kwara State

Human African trypanosomiasis and animal trypanosomiasis remain significant health and economic burdens in Nigeria's forested and riverine belt communities. This study assessed community knowledge of trypanosomiasis transmission and control practices among rural dwellers in Edu and Pategi Local Government Areas of Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 community members, targeting awareness of tsetse fly biology, disease transmission, animal and human clinical signs, and control strategies. Focus group discussions were conducted in three communities to complement quantitative data. Only 31.3% of respondents correctly identified the tsetse fly as the primary vector of trypanosomiasis. Knowledge of animal disease symptoms including anemia and weight loss was slightly higher at 43.3%, but human sleeping sickness was recognized by only 18%. Slash-and-burn vegetation clearing and avoidance of riverine areas were the most commonly cited control methods, reflecting traditional knowledge without scientific grounding. The study concludes that knowledge of trypanosomiasis in rural Kwara State communities is insufficient to support effective self-protection. Community-based education programs integrating traditional and scientific knowledge, vector control initiatives, and regular sensitization by veterinary extension workers are recommended. Keywords: trypanosomiasis, tsetse fly, community knowledge, Kwara State, vector control