Contamination of Vegetables with Helminth Parasites Sold in Markets in Bauchi State

Vegetables irrigated with wastewater or manure and sold without proper washing represent an important transmission route for soil-transmitted helminths. This study assessed helminth parasite contamination of fresh vegetables sold in markets in Bauchi State, North East Nigeria. A total of 90 vegetable samples comprising lettuce, cabbage, and carrots were purchased from three major markets in Bauchi Metropolis. Standard parasitological wash and sedimentation techniques were applied, and sediments were examined microscopically for helminth eggs, larvae, and oocysts. A concurrent questionnaire survey was conducted among 45 vegetable vendors regarding washing practices and awareness of parasitic contamination. Helminth ova were detected on 65.6% of samples. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were found on 47.8%, Trichuris trichiura on 32.2%, and Strongyloides larvae on 18.9% of contaminated samples. Market vendors showed low awareness of contamination risks, and only 21% routinely washed produce before display or sale. The study concludes that ready-for-sale vegetables in Bauchi markets pose a significant risk for helminthic infection to consumers, particularly children. Consumer education, promotion of proper produce washing habits, regulation of irrigation water quality in farming communities, and enhanced market food safety inspection programs are recommended. Keywords: helminth contamination, vegetables, soil-transmitted helminths, Bauchi State, food safety