Design of an IoT-Based Environmental Monitoring System for Poultry Farms in Ogun State

This project designs an Internet of Things based environmental monitoring and control system for commercial poultry farms in Ogun State, South West Nigeria. Poultry health and productivity are highly sensitive to temperature, humidity, ammonia concentration, and carbon dioxide levels within the poultry house, and deviations from optimal ranges cause mortality, reduced feed conversion, and disease outbreaks that impose severe economic losses on farmers. The monitoring system integrates DHT22 temperature and humidity sensors, an MQ-137 ammonia gas sensor, an MH-Z19 carbon dioxide infrared sensor, and a lux sensor for lighting level measurement. An ESP32 microcontroller collects sensor readings every two minutes and transmits data to a cloud dashboard via Wi-Fi. Automated actuator control switches ventilation fans, misters, and heating lamps based on configurable thresholds to maintain the optimal microclimate for the housed poultry age group. Push notifications are sent to the farm manager's smartphone when any parameter remains outside limits for more than five minutes. Data are logged and visualised in trend charts enabling retrospective analysis of environmental conditions relative to flock performance records. The system was deployed and evaluated at a 5,000-bird broiler farm in Sagamu, Ogun State, for eight weeks. The automated ventilation response reduced average peak midday temperature inside the poultry house by 4.2 degrees Celsius compared to a manually managed control house. Ammonia concentrations were maintained below 20 ppm throughout the monitoring period. Keywords: IoT, poultry monitoring, environmental control, smart farming, Ogun State.