Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Grown in Jos Fadama Areas, Plateau State

Fadama farming in the Jos Plateau supports intensive vegetable production using agrochemicals including organochlorine pesticides, which are known to persist in soils and accumulate in food crops. This study determined the concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables produced in fadama areas of Plateau State. Samples of tomatoes, spinach, and carrot were collected from five fadama farming sites in the dry season when pesticide use intensity is highest. Residue concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, endosulfan, aldrin, and dieldrin were determined using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Results showed detectable residues of at least one organochlorine compound in 68 percent of vegetable samples, with concentrations in several spinach samples exceeding the European Union maximum residue limits. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane metabolites were detected most frequently, despite the compound's national ban, suggesting persistent historical soil contamination and possible illegal continued use. Health risk estimates based on daily intake calculations indicated potential non-carcinogenic risks for children consuming leafy vegetables regularly from these sites. The study recommends strengthening enforcement of pesticide import and sales regulations, promoting integrated pest management training for fadama farmers, and regular food safety surveillance of fresh produce markets in Plateau State. Keywords: organochlorine pesticides, vegetable contamination, fadama, Plateau State, food safety.