Determination of Physicochemical Properties of Soil Samples from Farmlands in Benue State, North Central Nigeria

Soil quality is fundamental to agricultural productivity, particularly in food-producing states such as Benue in North Central Nigeria, which is widely regarded as the nation's food basket. This study examines the physicochemical properties of soil samples collected from active farmlands across three local government areas in Benue State. Parameters assessed include soil pH, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moisture content, texture, and the concentrations of selected trace metals. Soil samples were collected at two depths, specifically 0 to 15 centimetres and 15 to 30 centimetres, using standard composite sampling methods. Laboratory analyses were carried out using standard methods prescribed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Findings indicate that soil pH values across sampled locations range from slightly acidic to near neutral, with organic matter content varying considerably between cultivation zones and fallow land. Trace metal concentrations were generally within acceptable agricultural limits, although certain plots adjacent to refuse dumpsites showed marginally elevated levels of zinc and copper. The study recommends periodic soil testing as part of an integrated farm management strategy and the adoption of lime application in acidic plots to improve crop yield. These results provide a baseline dataset for monitoring long-term soil health in the North Central zone. Keywords: soil physicochemistry, Benue State, farmland, trace metals, organic matter