Development of a Smart Library Management System Using RFID Technology: A Case Study of Bayero University Kano Library

Academic library management in Nigerian universities is frequently hampered by outdated cataloguing systems, book theft, misplaced volumes, and inefficient borrowing processes. This study presents the development of a smart library management system using Radio Frequency Identification technology, with Bayero University Kano as the case study. The research was motivated by reports from the library administration indicating that approximately 12 percent of catalogued books are untraceable at any given time, and that manual borrowing processes create queues and record-keeping errors during peak periods. The proposed system integrates RFID tags embedded in book covers, RFID reader gates at library entry and exit points, and a centralised database application developed in Java with a MySQL backend. Key functionalities include automated book borrowing and return processing, real-time shelf location tracking, overdue fine calculation, and theft detection alarms triggered by non-tagged exits. A pilot test conducted over six weeks in one library section showed a 91 percent reduction in misplaced book incidents and a 65 percent decrease in average borrowing transaction time. The system also generated usage analytics that informed decisions about high-demand book acquisitions. The study recommends phased implementation across all library sections alongside staff training. Keywords: RFID, library management, Bayero University, smart library, cataloguing automation.