Dietary Practices and Nutritional Status of Elderly Residents in Government Care Homes in Abuja, FCT

The nutritional wellbeing of elderly persons in institutional care settings is shaped by the quality of food service, individual health conditions, and the extent of professional nutrition oversight. This study examines dietary practices and nutritional status of elderly residents in government-managed care homes in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and age-related nutritional vulnerabilities in institutional elderly populations in Nigeria has not received proportionate research or policy attention. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 residents aged 60 years and above from two government care homes. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall and weekly menu analysis to evaluate macro- and micronutrient adequacy against reference nutrient intakes for older adults. Nutritional status was assessed through body mass index, calf circumference, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool. Biochemical indicators including haemoglobin and serum albumin were obtained from available clinical records. Mealtime environment, feeding assistance practices, and food preference accommodation were evaluated through direct observation. Findings are expected to reveal inadequate protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake, alongside a high prevalence of malnutrition risk, with limited dietetic oversight of institutional menus. The study recommends appointment of qualified dietitians and implementation of individualised nutrition care plans in government elderly care institutions. Keywords: elderly nutrition, care homes, nutritional status, Abuja, institutional feeding.