Early Identification of Speech and Language Disorders Among Preschool Children in Rivers State

This study examines the early identification of speech and language disorders among preschool children in Rivers State, South South Nigeria. Speech and language disorders, including articulation disorders, language delay, and stuttering, are among the earliest indicators of developmental challenges that may affect a child's academic and social trajectory. Early identification is widely recognised as the cornerstone of effective intervention, yet formal screening programmes at the preschool level remain absent in most Nigerian states. Adopting a descriptive survey design, the study targets educators, speech therapists, and caregivers in early childhood education centres across Port Harcourt and Obio-Akpor Local Government Areas. The instruments include the Preschool Language Scale adapted for Nigerian linguistic contexts and a structured observation form. Data are analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to explore associations between detection rates and variables such as caregiver education level and school type. The study investigates barriers to early identification, including low awareness among teachers, absence of referral systems, and inadequate numbers of speech-language therapists in the state. Findings are expected to underscore the urgent need for systematic preschool language screening protocols. Recommendations include training early childhood educators in basic language disorder identification and establishing speech-language therapy hubs linked to primary healthcare facilities in Rivers State. The study offers practical insights for the Rivers State Universal Basic Education Board and public health agencies. Keywords: speech disorders, language delay, early identification, preschool, Rivers State.