Enteric Parasites Among Pupils in Flood-Prone Communities of Anambra State After Heavy Rainfall Events

Flooding events disrupt sanitation infrastructure and dramatically increase human exposure to waterborne and soilborne parasitic organisms, particularly among schoolchildren in low-income communities. This study assessed the prevalence of enteric parasitic infections among primary school pupils in flood-prone communities of Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria, following a significant rainfall event. Stool samples from 270 children aged 5 to 12 years were collected within 30 days post-flood and examined using direct microscopy and the formal-ether concentration technique. Household interviews assessed flood exposure, drinking water sources, and latrine availability. Post-flood prevalence was 62.8 percent, compared to a baseline pre-flood estimate of 41.5 percent drawn from health facility records. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most prevalent organisms. Children consuming floodwater or relying on contaminated open wells showed significantly higher infection rates. The study recommends rapid deployment of water purification and emergency sanitation measures as part of flood disaster response protocols in Southeast Nigeria, with paediatric parasitological screening embedded within post-flood health assessments. Keywords: enteric parasites, flooding, primary school children, Anambra State, waterborne diseases.