Evaluation of Grounding and Earthing Systems in Telecommunication Tower Installations Across Plateau State

Background: Effective grounding and earthing systems are critical for lightning protection, equipment safety, and electromagnetic compatibility in telecommunication towers. Deficient earthing in North Central Nigeria contributes to frequent lightning-induced equipment failures. Aim: This study evaluated grounding and earthing system performance in telecommunication tower installations across Plateau State. Methods: Earth resistance measurements were conducted at 22 telecommunication tower sites using a digital earth resistance tester (FLUKE 1625-2 GEO) employing the fall-of-potential method. Soil resistivity was measured at each site using the Wenner four-electrode method. Compliance was assessed against the ITU-T K.27 standard requiring earth resistance below 5 ohms. Results: Only 9 of 22 sites met the ITU-T K.27 earth resistance threshold. Non-compliant sites showed earth resistance values ranging from 8.4 to 67 ohms. High soil resistivity in rocky Jos terrain was identified as the primary contributing factor. Chemical earthing rod treatment reduced resistance to compliant levels at three pilot sites. Conclusion: Grounding deficiencies at telecom towers in Plateau State represent significant safety and operational risks. Chemical earthing enhancement, deep-driven electrodes, and regular annual testing are recommended across all tower installations. Keywords: earthing, grounding, telecommunication towers, lightning protection, Plateau State.