Evaluation of Renal Function Tests in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Clinic in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally and a major driver of end-stage renal disease in Nigeria. This study evaluated renal function parameters in type 2 diabetic patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of Federal Medical Centre Lokoja, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 type 2 diabetic patients and 60 age-matched non-diabetic controls. Venous blood samples were analysed for serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and electrolytes using standard colorimetric methods. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was also determined. Elevated serum creatinine was present in 32.5% of diabetic patients, while reduced eGFR below 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 was detected in 27.5%. Microalbuminuria was found in 39.4% and macroalbuminuria in 11.3% of patients. Duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control, and co-existing hypertension were significantly associated with impaired renal function. Mean serum creatinine and urea were significantly higher in diabetics compared to controls. The study recommends routine and periodic monitoring of renal function markers and urine albumin in all diabetic patients, with early referral for nephrology consultation when indicated. Structured diabetic care programmes in Kogi State should incorporate renal function surveillance as a standard component. Keywords: renal function, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, glomerular filtration rate, Kogi State