Evaluation of the Adequacy of Staircase Design in Multi-Storey Buildings in Abuja, FCT

Staircases are critical circulation and emergency evacuation elements in multi-storey buildings, and their design adequacy in Abuja's growing stock of multi-storey commercial and residential buildings requires assessment against current safety standards. This study evaluated staircase design in 35 multi-storey buildings (four floors and above) across Garki, Wuse, and Maitama Districts of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. Physical measurements of staircase dimensions were compared against the requirements of the National Building Code 2006 and the British Standard BS 5395-1:2010. Parameters assessed included riser height, tread depth, staircase width, handrail height, landing dimensions, and headroom clearance. Fire escape staircase enclosure and illumination were also assessed. Results showed that riser height was non-compliant (above 220mm) in 29% of inspected staircases. Staircase width was below the required minimum of 1,200mm in 34% of cases. Handrail height was non-compliant in 46% of staircases. Fire escape staircases lacked proper enclosure in 63% of multi-storey buildings, posing significant life safety risks. Headroom clearance was adequate in 91% of staircases. The study concludes that staircase design non-compliance in Abuja multi-storey buildings is widespread and represents a significant fire safety risk. Immediate retrofit compliance orders for fire escape deficiencies are recommended, alongside mandatory staircase design review by registered building professionals in Abuja Metropolitan Management Council.

Keywords: staircase design, multi-storey buildings, building safety, Abuja, National Building Code