Evaluation of Traditional Veterinary Practices Among Fulani Pastoralists in Kebbi State

This study evaluates traditional veterinary practices used by Fulani pastoralists for livestock disease management in Kebbi State, located in Nigeria's North West geopolitical zone. Traditional veterinary knowledge systems have been developed and refined by pastoralist communities over centuries and represent a significant body of empirical practice, yet their scientific validation, integration with formal veterinary services, and potential risks have been inadequately studied. Using a descriptive qualitative and quantitative design, in-Veterinary Medicineh interviews and structured questionnaires were administered to 90 Fulani cattle herders across four local government areas in Kebbi State. Information was collected on plant-based remedies, physical treatment methods, spiritual practices, and conditions treated, along with perceptions of formal veterinary services. A systematic review of the scientific literature on 15 identified medicinal plants was conducted to assess their pharmacological basis. Findings revealed 23 distinct plant species used for livestock disease management, targeting gastrointestinal disorders (48%), skin conditions (22%), respiratory disease (16%), and reproductive problems (14%). Several identified plants, including Vernonia amygdalina and Acacia nilotica, have documented antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties supporting their traditional use. However, some practices involving caustic substances and inappropriate dosing presented risks of harm. The study recommends systematic ethnobotanical pharmacological validation of identified plants and integration of validated practices into community-based animal health worker training programmes in Kebbi State. Keywords: traditional veterinary medicine, Fulani pastoralists, Kebbi State, ethnobotany, livestock health.