Evaluation of Veterinary Drug Residues in Beef Sold in Markets in Kwara State

The presence of veterinary drug residues in beef poses a significant public health concern due to the risk of toxicity, allergic reactions, and contribution to antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the occurrence of veterinary drug residues in beef samples sold in markets across Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. A total of 80 beef samples were purchased from retail markets in Ilorin, Offa, and Lafiagi. Samples were analyzed for residues of tetracyclines, oxytetracycline, and sulfonamides using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. A questionnaire was administered to 40 livestock farmers and 30 butchers to explore drug administration practices and withdrawal period compliance. Tetracycline residues above the maximum residue limit were detected in 31.3% of samples. Sulfonamide residues exceeded acceptable thresholds in 22.5% of samples. Farmer interviews revealed that 65% did not observe recommended drug withdrawal periods before slaughter. Butchers were largely unaware of veterinary drug residues or their health implications for consumers. The study concludes that non-compliance with drug withdrawal periods creates substantial residue contamination risks in marketed beef in Kwara State. Urgent recommendations include veterinarian-supervised drug use programs, consumer awareness campaigns, and routine residue monitoring by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control. Keywords: veterinary drug residues, beef, tetracyclines, Kwara State, food safety