Evaluation of Water Quality Parameters in the River Niger at Selected Points in Niger State, North Central Nigeria

The River Niger serves as a critical water resource for millions of Nigerians, yet increasing pressures from urbanisation, agriculture, and artisanal activities continue to threaten its water quality. This study evaluates selected water quality parameters at five sampling stations along a stretch of the River Niger in Niger State, North Central Nigeria. Parameters measured include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, total coliform count, and concentrations of iron and manganese. Sampling is conducted monthly over a six-month period spanning both dry and wet seasons to assess temporal variability. Field measurements are taken in situ using calibrated portable meters while laboratory analyses follow standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The study also documents point sources of pollution observable at each station, including proximity to agricultural land, settlements, and boat maintenance workshops. Statistical analysis involves correlation matrices and principal component analysis to identify pollution sources and inter-parameter relationships. Results are expected to indicate elevated nutrient loads and microbial contamination near densely populated riverbank communities. Findings aim to support evidence-based water resources management, inform the Niger State Environmental Protection Agency, and contribute to national baseline water quality datasets for this critical inland waterway. Keywords: River Niger, water quality, physicochemical parameters, Niger State, seasonal variation