Exposure to Domestic Violence and Its Effects on Academic Performance of Children in Selected Primary Schools in Katsina State

Children who witness or experience domestic violence are at elevated risk of psychological distress, behavioural disruption, and academic deterioration. This study investigated the effects of exposure to domestic violence on the academic performance of primary school children in selected schools in Katsina State, North West Nigeria. A descriptive correlational design was employed, with 310 pupils from ten schools in Katsina and Daura local government areas participating. The Domestic Violence Exposure Scale for Children (DVESC) and pupils' most recent academic results were used for data collection. Pearson correlation, independent samples t-tests, and multiple regression were used for analysis. Findings revealed a significant negative relationship between domestic violence exposure and academic performance, with exposed children performing markedly below the school mean in literacy and numeracy. Affected children also demonstrated higher rates of absenteeism, concentration difficulties, and aggressive peer behaviour as reported by teachers. Children from households where violence was habitual showed more severe academic decline than those exposed to isolated incidents. The study recommended that school counsellors in Katsina State develop early identification protocols for children at risk, and that counselling interventions incorporate trauma-sensitive approaches. Collaboration between schools, community leaders, and social services was identified as essential for sustainable intervention. Keywords: domestic violence, academic performance, primary school children, Katsina State, trauma-informed counselling.