Geothermal Energy Prospects in the Benue Trough, Benue State, North Central Nigeria

The Benue Trough, a major geological feature running through central Nigeria, exhibits thermal anomalies and volcanic formations that suggest potential for low-enthalpy geothermal energy utilisation. This study investigates the geothermal energy prospects within the Benue Trough, focusing on Benue State in the North Central geopolitical zone, through review of existing geological surveys, temperature gradient data, and hydrogeological reports. Secondary data from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency and academic literature were systematically reviewed and synthesised to assess heat flow density, subsurface temperature profiles, and aquifer characteristics relevant to geothermal development. The study identifies zones of elevated geothermal gradient based on published borehole temperature logs and gravity survey datasets. A comparative assessment of low-enthalpy applications, including direct-use heating and binary cycle electricity generation, is presented against the characterised resource base. The analysis concludes that direct-use applications such as agricultural drying, greenhouse heating, and balneology represent more immediately viable uses given the moderate temperature regime. The study recommends systematic geochemical and geophysical exploration in three priority areas within Benue State and advocates for inclusion of geothermal resources in Nigeria's national renewable energy master plan. Keywords: geothermal energy, Benue Trough, low-enthalpy, geological survey, North Central Nigeria.