Impact of Refuse Dumps on the Health of Surrounding Communities in Benin City, Edo State

Uncontrolled refuse dump sites in urban settings generate airborne pollutants, leachate, and vector breeding grounds that negatively affect the health of surrounding communities. This study investigated the impact of three major open refuse dumps on the health of residents in proximate communities in Benin City, Edo State, South South Nigeria. A comparative cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 400 respondents from communities within 500 metres of dump sites and a control group of 200 respondents residing more than two kilometres away. Structured questionnaires, physical examination records from community health centres, and air quality measurements were used as data collection instruments. Results indicated that communities near dump sites recorded significantly higher prevalence of respiratory illness (68%), skin conditions (44%), and gastrointestinal infections (57%) compared to control communities. Ambient air quality at dump site perimeters showed elevated levels of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, exceeding recommended thresholds. Rodent and insect vector sightings were reported by ninety percent of proximate community respondents. Property values and perceived quality of life were substantially lower among affected residents. Regression analysis confirmed physical proximity to dump sites as a significant independent predictor of poor health outcomes. The study recommends immediate relocation or engineered closure of identified dump sites, implementation of formal sanitary landfill practices, and regular health screening for affected communities. Keywords: refuse dumps, community health, Benin City, air pollution, waste disposal.