Investigation of Anchor Dragging Incidents in Warri Port and Surrounding Anchorages

Anchor dragging incidents represent a significant source of maritime accidents and infrastructure damage in Nigerian port environments. This study investigates the causes, frequency, and consequences of anchor dragging incidents at Warri Port and its associated vessel anchorage areas in Delta State. The research adopts a descriptive survey methodology, drawing on incident reports from the Nigerian Ports Authority, interviews with port pilots, harbour masters, and vessel masters, as well as analysis of meteorological and hydrographic data for the study area. A total of eighteen documented anchor dragging incidents over the five-year period from 2019 to 2024 were reviewed. Findings indicate that the primary contributing factors include poor seabed holding ground characterised by soft clay and silt deposits, incorrect anchor chain scope during anchorage, unexpected currents associated with periods of heavy rainfall, and inadequate anchor watch practices by vessel crews. Several incidents resulted in vessel contact with underwater pipelines and port infrastructure, causing operational shutdowns. The study finds that smaller vessels operated by local shipping companies account for a disproportionate share of incidents relative to their traffic volume. Recommendations include mandatory pre-anchorage seabed assessment, updating of anchorage regulations to reflect hydrological changes in Warri waterway, and training of vessel officers in electronic anchor watch procedures. Keywords: anchor dragging, Warri Port, maritime incidents, anchorage safety, seabed assessment