Investigation of the Wear Properties of Grey Cast Iron Used in Agricultural Equipment in Benue State

This study investigates the wear properties of grey cast iron used in the fabrication of agricultural equipment such as plough shares and harrow discs in Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Agricultural mechanisation in North Central Nigeria relies heavily on cast iron components that are often produced locally by foundries with variable quality control, leading to premature equipment failure and economic losses for farmers. Samples of grey cast iron are collected from five local foundries in Makurdi and characterised for microstructure, hardness, and carbon content using optical microscopy, Vickers hardness testing, and carbon-sulphur analysis. Pin-on-disc wear testing is conducted under dry sliding conditions using a standardised tribometer at applied loads of 5, 10, and 20 N and sliding velocities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s. Worn surfaces are examined by SEM to identify wear mechanisms. Findings reveal significant microstructural variability across foundry samples, correlating with differences in wear resistance. Samples with a finer and more uniformly distributed graphite flake morphology demonstrate superior wear performance. Abrasive and adhesive wear are identified as the dominant mechanisms under the test conditions. The study recommends controlled inoculation and cooling rate management in local foundry practice to improve cast iron microstructure and extend the service life of agricultural equipment. Keywords: grey cast iron, wear properties, agricultural equipment, foundry, Benue State.