Legal Aspects of Land Acquisition for Infrastructure Development in Imo State: Compensation and Due Process

The rapid pace of infrastructure development in Nigeria frequently involves the compulsory acquisition of privately held and community-owned land by federal and state governments. In Imo State, South East Nigeria, road construction, erosion control projects, and urban expansion schemes have led to numerous contested land acquisitions, raising questions about due process, fair compensation, and community consultation rights. This research examines the legal framework governing land acquisition for infrastructure projects in Imo State, with specific focus on the Land Use Act of 1978, the Public Lands Acquisition Act, and the relevant provisions of the 1999 Constitution. A qualitative methodology was employed, including fieldwork in Owerri and Orlu local government areas where recent acquisition disputes have occurred. Data was gathered through interviews with landowners, property lawyers, and Imo State Ministry of Lands officials. Secondary sources include court judgments, government gazettes, and academic publications from 2019 to 2024. Findings indicate that compensation amounts offered by government authorities are frequently below market value, and landowners are often not adequately informed of their right to challenge acquisition decisions in court. The study further identifies procedural deficiencies in the notice and hearing requirements preceding formal acquisition. Recommendations include establishing an independent compensation assessment tribunal, codifying community consultation standards, and providing free legal assistance to landowners facing compulsory acquisition. This research contributes to property law and infrastructure governance scholarship in South East Nigeria. Keywords: land acquisition, compensation, infrastructure, Imo State, Land Use Act.