Macronutrient Intake, Anthropometry, and Functional Capacity in Older Adults in Delta State, South South Nigeria

The relationship between dietary macronutrient intake, body composition, and functional capacity in older adults has significant implications for healthy ageing and quality of life, yet this relationship is poorly characterised in Nigerian elderly populations. This study examines macronutrient intake, anthropometric parameters, and functional physical capacity among community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above in Asaba and Warri local government areas of Delta State, South South Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 300 older adults through community household enumeration. Dietary macronutrient intake was assessed using a quantitative 24-hour recall administered on three non-consecutive days to capture within-person variability, with energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes calculated using a validated Nigerian food composition database. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index, mid-arm muscle circumference, calf circumference, and handgrip strength measured by digital dynamometry. Functional capacity was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery and the Barthel Index for activities of daily living. Cognitive function was screened using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses examined associations between macronutrient intake adequacy, anthropometric indicators, and functional performance. Protein intake adequacy was hypothesised as the strongest dietary predictor of both muscle mass and functional capacity. Findings will advance evidence on nutrition-function relationships in older Nigerians and support the development of geriatric nutrition guidelines adapted to the Nigerian context. Keywords: macronutrient intake, functional capacity, older adults, Delta State, healthy ageing.