Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression in a Nigerian University Setting: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based intervention for preventing depression relapse, yet its feasibility and effectiveness in African academic settings remain unexplored. This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluates the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of MBCT adapted for Nigerian university students with recurrent depression at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, South West Nigeria. Sixty students with a history of two or more depressive episodes will be randomized to either an eight-week group MBCT program or usual care. The PHQ-9, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) will assess primary and secondary outcomes at baseline, post-treatment, and 12-week follow-up. Treatment fidelity will be monitored through attendance records and session integrity checklists. Feasibility outcomes including recruitment rate, dropout, and intervention acceptability will be primary endpoints. MBCT has demonstrated strong efficacy in European and Asian settings, but cultural adaptation is essential for Nigerian contexts. This study will generate feasibility data to support a fully powered trial and establish the groundwork for evidence-based mindfulness programming in Nigerian higher education. Keywords: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, recurrent depression, pilot trial, university students, Nigeria