Ocean Wave Energy Resource Assessment for Coastal Akwa Ibom State

Wave energy represents an abundant, predictable, and underexploited renewable energy resource with significant potential for coastal communities in Nigeria. This study assesses the wave energy resource available along the coastline of Akwa Ibom State, South South Nigeria, using ERA5 reanalysis wave data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for the period 2015 to 2023. Significant wave height, peak spectral period, mean wave direction, and wave power density are calculated and mapped on a monthly and seasonal basis. The study identifies optimal sites for wave energy converter deployment based on energy flux thresholds, proximity to coastal load centres, and bathymetric suitability. Wave climate analysis reveals seasonal variation driven by the South Atlantic swell system, with maximum wave energy occurring between June and August. Theoretical annual wave energy potential is computed using the linear wave theory formulation and expressed in kilowatts per metre of wave crest. Sensitivity analyses evaluate the impact of data uncertainty on resource estimates. The study compares wave energy potential against other renewable options, including solar and wind, within the coastal zone of Akwa Ibom State. Findings indicate sufficient wave energy flux to support small-scale off-grid power systems for remote coastal settlements and offshore aquaculture installations. Recommendations are directed at the Rural Electrification Agency and the Akwa Ibom State Energy Commission. Keywords: wave energy, renewable ocean energy, Akwa Ibom, ERA5 reanalysis, coastal electrification