Oral Contraceptive Use and Side Effect Profile among Women of Reproductive Age in Lagos Island, South West Nigeria

Background: Oral contraceptives (OCs) remain among the most widely used forms of family planning globally, but their side effect profiles significantly influence continuation rates. Understanding the local experience of OC-related side effects is essential for improving contraceptive counselling and service delivery. This study described OC use patterns and associated side effects among women in Lagos Island, Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 280 women of reproductive age (18 to 45 years) attending family planning and outpatient clinics on Lagos Island. A structured questionnaire assessed OC type used, duration of use, reported side effects, and reasons for discontinuation or continuation. Results: Current OC use was reported by 38 percent of respondents. The most common side effects included irregular bleeding (44%), nausea (36%), and headache (28%). Mood disturbance was reported by 19 percent of users and was the most common reason for discontinuation. Combined oral contraceptives were preferred over progestin-only pills. Conclusion: Side effects from OC use are common among Lagos Island women and frequently drive discontinuation. Comprehensive counselling on expected side effects at the point of prescription is critical to improving contraceptive continuation rates. Keywords: oral contraceptives, side effects, family planning, Lagos, reproductive health