Pattern of Gynaecological Cancers Seen at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Over a Decade

Gynaecological cancers constitute a significant contributor to cancer morbidity and mortality among Nigerian women, yet their pattern and relative frequency vary across regional hospital populations. This study describes the pattern, stage at presentation, and treatment outcomes of gynaecological cancers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State, South South Nigeria over ten years. A retrospective review of histologically confirmed gynaecological cancer records from 2013 to 2022 was conducted. Data were extracted on cancer site, histological type, FIGO staging, treatment received, and documented outcomes. Two hundred and fourteen cases were identified over the study period. Cervical cancer was the most common (52 percent), followed by ovarian cancer (24 percent), endometrial cancer (14 percent), vulval cancer (6 percent), and vaginal cancer (4 percent). Squamous cell carcinoma predominated among cervical cancers (87 percent). Advanced stage (FIGO III or IV) at presentation was documented in 68 percent of all cases, severely limiting curative treatment options. Only 21 percent of patients completed the planned treatment course. The study highlights late presentation and treatment non-completion as critical challenges at UPTH. Recommendations include HPV vaccination scale-up, cervical cancer screening strengthening, public awareness campaigns on early gynaecological symptom recognition, and improved oncology infrastructure in Rivers State. Keywords: gynaecological cancers, cervical cancer, UPTH, FIGO staging, South South Nigeria