PCR-Based Sexing of Avian Species at the Jos Wildlife Sanctuary: Applications in Conservation Genetics

Accurate sex determination in avian species that lack obvious sexual dimorphism is a fundamental challenge in wildlife management and captive breeding programmes. Molecular sexing using PCR amplification of the CHD (chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding) gene, located on sex chromosomes, provides a reliable alternative to physical examination. This study applied PCR-based molecular sexing to 60 individual birds of six non-dimorphic avian species held at the Jos Wildlife Sanctuary in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. DNA was extracted from feather pulp samples collected non-invasively from each individual. CHD-W and CHD-Z gene regions were amplified using conserved primer sets (P2/P8), and products were resolved on 2% agarose gels to distinguish females (two bands) from males (one band). Sex ratios of each species were determined and compared with sanctuary management records to assess consistency. Discordances in recorded versus molecular sex were identified in a proportion of individuals, with implications for managed pair formation and breeding programme outcomes. This study demonstrates the applicability of molecular sexing in a Nigerian zoological context and recommends its routine adoption at wildlife sanctuaries across the country. Keywords: molecular sexing, CHD gene, avian conservation genetics, Jos Wildlife Sanctuary, PCR