Physiological Basis and Management of Heat-Related Illness in Elite Athletes During the Nigerian University Games

Heat-related illness among competitive athletes is a preventable physiological emergency that warrants robust medical management protocols in event planning. This study examined the physiological basis of heat illness presentations and evaluated the adequacy of management protocols during the Nigerian University Games. A prospective observational design was employed across a single edition of the games hosted in Abuja. Sixty athletes presenting to the medical bay with heat-related symptoms were assessed. Core temperature, hydration status (urine specific gravity), heart rate, and blood pressure were measured. Symptom classification, first aid response time, and treatment procedures were documented. Data were compared with published heat illness management benchmarks. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were applied. Results showed that 78 percent of presentations met criteria for heat exhaustion, while 11.7 percent represented potential heat stroke emergencies requiring hospitalisation. Core temperatures on presentation were significantly higher than ambient reference levels. Response times for medical intervention exceeded recommended benchmarks in 43 percent of cases. Pre-competition hydration was inadequate in 65 percent of affected athletes. The study concludes that heat illness is underestimated in Nigerian university athletics and that management protocols require systematic upgrading. Pre-event physiological acclimatisation, mandatory hydration plans, and event-specific heat emergency protocols are urgently recommended. Keywords: heat illness, athletes, university games, core temperature, heat stroke.