Phytochemical Profiling and Nephroprotective Activity of Morinda lucida Ethanolic Root Extract in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse effect of platinum-based chemotherapy that significantly restricts its therapeutic utility. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been explored as nephroprotective adjuncts in cancer care. Morinda lucida, distributed across southern Nigerian rainforest zones including Edo and Delta States, is used by traditional healers for kidney and urinary disorders. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile and nephroprotective potential of the ethanolic root extract of Morinda lucida in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. Cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, single i.p. dose) was administered to induce nephrotoxicity. Treatment groups received extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg orally for 10 days post-cisplatin administration. Renal function markers including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and electrolytes were measured. Oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) were assayed in kidney homogenates. Histopathological evaluation of kidney sections was performed. Phytochemical analysis revealed anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Extract treatment significantly reduced elevated creatinine and BUN levels, attenuated oxidative stress markers, and preserved tubular architecture on histopathology. The 400 mg/kg dose demonstrated efficacy comparable to N-acetylcysteine, the reference nephroprotective agent. These findings position Morinda lucida as a candidate for adjunctive nephroprotective research in oncology pharmacology. Keywords: Morinda lucida, nephroprotective, cisplatin, oxidative stress, kidney histopathology